
Thursday, December 27, 2007
My Kolbeinsvik Great great grandparents

Wednesday, December 26, 2007
My Bukholmen Great-great grandparents

Mikal Pedersen Bukholmen was born the 24th of February 1842 to Peder Olai Mikkelsen Bukkholmen and Kristine Larsdatter Ivarsoey. He was baptized March 24, 1842 at the Stord Lutheran Church. He was one of seven children. On June 19, 1870 he married Soffie Jonnasdatter Kvarven on Fitjar. They had three daughters:
Tuesday, December 25, 2007
My Kalvenes Great great grandparents


Jæns Jakobsen Kalvenæs was born 1816 according to the 1865 census at Kalvenes, Selbjorn, Norway. He was the son of Jacob Torchelsen Haukeland in Manger and Anna Nielsdatter Kalvenes. He married Margrethe Nilsdatter Vikestøl April 9th, 1860 at Sund, Hordaland, Norway. They had two children:
Saturday, December 15, 2007
My Ådland Great-great grandparents


Lars Kristoffersen Ådland 1841- before 1917
Lars Kristoffersen Ådland was born in 1841 to Kristoffer Eriksen and Gjertrud Karine Larsdatter in Ådland, Karmøy, Norway. He was the youngest of seven children. He was confirmed at the Åkra Church, July 12,1856. According to the 1865 census he was a Snedker [carpenter] by trade. On March 31, 1865 he married Anna Serine Jacobsdatter. Seven children were born to them.
Jakob born: 1866 first married Berta Gurine Larsdatter "came to North America"
Kristoffer born: 1868 married Anna Rafoss "came to North America"
Martin born: 1872 "came to North America"
Gjertrud Karine born: 1875 married Lars Larsen "came to North America"
Anna Lovise born: 1878 married Josef Rasmussen "came to North America"
Janna Sofie born: 1880 married Olaf Berg "came to Canada"
Ola born:1885 "came to North America"
In 1885 Lars and Anna and four of their children, Martin, Gjertrud, Anna and Janna sailed from Stavanger Norway to the USA. I assume that Jakob and Kristoffer had already come to the USA, earlier and Ola was born in the USA. They settled in South Dakota near Hammer which is close to New Effington. An interesting note about Lars is from Jakob Haugen's[Father of Teddy Haugen] write up on Karmøy people who emigrated to North America. He made is this comment. "During 1864 he was to participate in a war with Denmark. He came too late. The day after the last battle they entered Fredericia." I believe all of the Ådlands came to Canada settling between Loreburn and Strongfield. I have been unable to find out when Lars died. I assume it was in South Dakota before they came to Canada. His wife Anna Serine and son Jakob and family and Janna Sofie and Olaf Berg all came to Canada before Josef and Anna Lovise Tjøsvold in 1917. Therefore, I assume Lars Kristoffersen Ådland died and was buried in South Dakota although I could not find his grave in the cemetery at the Ferkingstad Church cemetery North of Hammer South Dakota.
Monday, November 26, 2007
My Tjøsvold Great great grandparents

Picture of Rasmus and Elen and some of their children. Top row - David Johan, Tilla Ketura Second row Ragnhild and Josef, Third row Jonas and Hanna Petra, Bottom row Tørres, Karen, Ellen and Ragna


Saturday, November 24, 2007
My Overland Great great grandparents







Andreas Petter Petersen Overland was born January 22,1846 in Trondheim, Norway to Peter Johansen and Karen Anna Andersdatter. He was the second of four children. He was baptized March 1,1846 in Stranden Church, Leksvik, Nord-Trondelag, Norway. According to the 1865 census he was a Skrædder (tailor] by profession. His older brother Johan was a fisherman. On October 14, 1860 he was confirmed in the Stranden Church. Andreas immigrated to the USA from Trondheim May 29,1872. The records for Trondheim harbour indicate that his destination was St. Paul, Minnesota. Approximately around 1875 he married Margit Eriksdatter [Steinbråten] Stenbraaten. The 1880 census for Minnesota indicates that in 1880 they were living in North Fork, Stearns county Minnesota and had two children. Petter Edeward Overland age 3 and Christine Amand Overland age 1. According to Church records Petter Edward Overland was born June 30,1876 and baptized September 9,1876 at Big Grove Lutheran Church, near Belgrade in Stearns County Minnesota. His sister Christine Amand was born 20 December 1878 and baptized January 9,1879 at Big Grove Lutheran Church. Andreas and Margit had 5 more children, Ida Olene born August 21, 1881, baptized September 11, 1881 at Big Grove Lutheran Church. Pauline Anette Overland born February 13,1884, baptized April 6, 1884 at Big Grove Lutheran Church. Anna Mathilda born 13 October 13 1886, and baptized October 31,1886 at Big Grove Lutheran Church, Mable Julia Overland born May 1, 1889, baptized June 23, 1889, at Big Grove Lutheran Church, died October 12 1890 and buried at Big Grove Lutheran Church cemetery, and according to Norwegian custom they called the next daughter Mable Julia. She was born September 8, 1891 and baptized October 11, 1891 at Big Grove Lutheran Church. Sometime in the 1890s the family moved to Battle Lake, Minnesota. On May 1, 1911 Margit Overland died of Tuberculosis, she was buried in the Battle Lake Lutheran cemetery. In about 1912 Andreas moved to Fergus Falls where he had a tailoring business. He also remarried Mathea 'Mattie' Johannesdatter MORSTAD a widow. with six children in about 1912. Here is his obituary from the Fergus Falls Journal in 1923. A.P. OVERLAND, an old resident of this city, and a well known tailor died at his home August 2, 1923. Mr. OVERLAND was born in Trondhjem, Norway January 22, 1846. When he was still a young man he came to America, settling first in Stearns County of this state, later they moved to Battle Lake where they lived up to 12 years ago, when he came to this city. He conducted a tailoring establishment in this city and was a well known and respected citizen. He is survived by his wife and six children.
Friday, November 23, 2007
My Olsen Great-great Grandparents

Ole Andreas Olsen 1847-1883
Monday, November 19, 2007
My Jacobson Great Grandparents



Marthines Jacobson was born February 25,1863 at Blænes, Huftarøy, Norway to Jacob Baarsen Kolbeinsvik and his wife Kristi Andersdatter Blænes. He was the fourth child of eight. He was baptized at home on Blænes and confirmed in Ostervold Church, Storeboe, Norway. He went to school at Ostervold as well. During his growing up years he moved with his family from Blænes to Vik to Trollholmen on Kolbeinsvik. He is also listed as living as a fosterson at his Auntie Ann Baarsdatter on Uglenes. When he was older he went to live with his grandparents Anders Knudsen Raunholm and Marthe Jacobsdatter Blænes on Blænes. On May 15,1882 he left Bergen to travel to DeLamere, North Dakota, where his uncle Knud Baarsen lived with his wife Marthe Vincentsdatter Kvalvaag and their daughters. The oldest of these daughters who were his cousins was Martha Dorthea Baarson who was seven years old when Marthines arrived. She became Mathines wife ten years later on July 13,1893. After they were married they lived near Delamere, North Dakota but on the South Dakota side of the border. Marthines had filed for a homestead in the early 1890s. By 1903 they moved to Hamar, North Dakota then to Finley, North Dakota. Marthines filed for a homestead in Canada, near Parkbeg, Sk. on November 27,1911. He started living there on June 15,1912. In the early 1920's they moved from the homestead to the John Ellingson farm about five miles north of Parkbeg. When Martha died in 1933 Marthines moved to Moose Jaw with his son Thomas and family. He lived in Moose Jaw until his death in 1942. He is buried at Bethany Lutheran Church, Parkbeg, Sk.
Martha Dorthea Baardsen 1875-1933
Martha Dorthea Baardsen was born May 28,1875 to Knud Baardsen Kolbeinsvik and his wife Marthe Vincentsdatter Kvalvaag in Ridgeway,Winneshiek County, Iowa. She was baptized at Lincoln Lutheran Church, Winnesheik County Iowa on July 25,1875. My wife and I visited Lincoln Lutheran in June of 2005. The church is no longer standing because it burned but the cemetery is still there and a cairn listing the names of the Pastors who served there. In about 1879 the family moved to DeLamere, North Dakota. She was confirmed at Immanuel Lutheran Church, DeLamere and was living there with her family until she married Marthines Jacobson in 1893. My wife and I visited Immanuel Lutheran, DeLamere in June 2005, it was a beautiful well kept country church still very active. The secretary of the parish also sent me a history book of the church. I was amazed to see that some of the pastors who served there were well known in Lutheran circles like Jacob Tanner who wrote the confirmation textbooks that I used and a Pastor Lavik whos son later became the president of the seminary in Saskatoon. She moved with Marthines to Hamar, Finley and they moved to Canada to their homestead at Parkbeg in June 1912. Martha suffered a paralytic stroke in April 1931 and was bedridden until she died November 3, 1933. She is buried at Bethany Lutheran Church, Parkbeg, Sk.
My Kalvenæs Great Grandparents




Here is a picture of my Great grandfather Nils Jensson Kalvanæs and his wife Ragna Andrina Mikkelsdatter Bukholmen and my grandfather Andreas Nilson and his sister Jenny.
Nils Jensson Kalvanæs 1860-1935
I don't know very much about these great-grandparents. Nils was born April 21,1860 in Kalvenes, Selbjørn, Norway. He was baptized May 13,1860 at Mogster Church on Stolmen. He married Ragna Andrina Mikkelsdatter Bukholmen November 21,1890 in Fitjar Church, Fitjar Norway. They had three children.
Andreas Mikkel Nilsen Vikestol
Jenny Sofie Maria Nilsdatter Vikestol
Ragnvald Nilsen Vikestol
Nils died July 31,1935 and is buried in the Bekkjarvik Cemetery, Selbjorn.
Ragna Andrina Mikkelsdatter Bukholmen 1870-1916
Ragna was born October 13,1870 in Bukkolmen, Fitjar, Norway. She was baptized November 20,1870 at Fitjar Church. She was confirmed October 4,1885 at Fitjar church. She married Nils Jensson Kalvanæs November 21,1890 in Fitjar Church, Fitjar Norway. They had three children.
Andreas Mikkel Nilsen Vikestol
Jenny Sofie Maria Nilsdatter Vikestol
Ragnvald Nilsen Vikestol
Ragna died November 15,1916 and was buried November 23 in Bekkjarvik Cemetery, Selbjorn, Norway.
Sunday, November 18, 2007
My Tjøsvold Great-grandparents



Josef and Anna Tjøsvold on their 50th Wedding Anniversary 1948

Anna Lovise Aadland 1878 -1959
Anna Lovise Aadland was born June 29,1878 at Ådland, Karmøy to Lars Kristoffersen and Anna Serine Jakobsdatter She was the sixth child of seven children. She came to the USA in 1885 with her parents, when she was seven years old. They settled as far as I know near Hammer, South Dakota. It was there that Anna met Josef Tjøsvold also an immigrant from Norway. They were married there, and farmed on a quarter section of land that ran right up to the border between South Dakota and North Dakota. Grandma Olida spoke of running across the border as kids. I assume that Lars Kristoffersen her father passed away here and her brother Jacob and her mother Anna moved to Strongfield, Saskatchewan, Canada. As well her younger sister Janna Sofie had married Olaf Berg and moved to Strongfield. In 1917 Josef and Anna Lovise and family moved to a farm just outside of Strongfield. It was on this farm that my grandparents Joel and Olida were married in 1926 and here that my dad David was born in 1927. When I was very young I remember visiting the farm when Rudolf and Florence Tjøsvold, Dawn and Danny lived there. I also remember being babysat there the day of Great grandma Anna Lovise's funeral at Skudesnes Lutheran Church. I have a number of memories of Great grandma. I remember her visiting and staying at my grandparents. I also remember visiting her at the Lutheran Sunset home in Saskatoon. Great grandma Tjøsvold I'm told cut the ribbon at the grand opening of the Lutheran Sunset home in Saskatoon. She also used to like to take the plane from Saskatoon to Edmonton to see her children and grandchildren in Edmonton. Anna Lovise passed away in Saskatoon, in 1959 and was buried at Skudesnes Lutheran Church Cemetery.
Saturday, November 17, 2007
My Olson Great-grandparents





Jarle Olaus Olson 1876-1928
Jarle Olaus Olson was born March 9th, 1876 on the Kvilhaug farm on the Island of Karmøy on the west coast of Norway. At the age of five years he emigrated with his family to Minnesota. I assume it was to Battle Lake, Minnesota. I know nothing about his childhood, but He would have taken his schooling in Minnesota. The story that I have been told is that two years after coming to Minnesota in 1883 [when he was 7 years old] his father Ole Andreas Olsen died from sunstroke after working in a hay field all day in the hot summer sun. Jarle left home at a young age. Below is a list of his siblings, parents and grandparents from the Slektsforum Karmøy website.
Kvilhaug Ao 21. Ole Andreas Olsen born 1847, died 1883
son to Ola Kristoffersen and Johanne Johannesdtr "N- Liknes-Ao 6.
married 1872 with Berta Karine Olsdtr born 1850, died 1927
daughter to Ole Bårdsen and Ragnhild Jarlesdtr "Kvilhaug-Ao 20
Barn:
a) Elen Kristine born: 1873 "to America 1881
b) Jarle Olaus born: 1876 married with Ida Olene Overland "to America 1881
c) Ole Johannes born: 1880 "to Amerika 1881
d) Hanne Emilie born: 1883 died 1885
e) Anders born: 1897 married with Elida Gurine Nilsen "Bos. Bygnes
***
Familien til Amerika 1881, sammen med Berta Karine's mor og bror.Anders kommer tilbake til Norge og bosetter seg først på "Kvilhaugsvik bnr 15, siden på Bygnes.Translation -The family to America in 1881, the same with Berta Karine's mother and brother. Anders came back to Norway and settled himself first on Kvilhaugsvik, then on Bygnes
I assume that the Anders above born in 1897 was a half brother to Jarle and that even though he was born in the USA, he went back to Norway. I have written to his children in Norway and received no reply.The youngest sibling Anders must have been a half-brother or a step-brother since Ole Andreas died in 1883.
Also I have a copy of a letter that his father-in-law Andreas Petter Overland wrote in reply to him when Jarle asked for his daughter Ida's hand in marriage. Also there is a copy of the wedding invitation. On Sunday, October 1, 1899 he married Ida Olena Overland at the Overland home at Battle Lake. For a time, either before or after he was married Jarle had a blacksmith shop in Garfield, Minnesota. In the spring of 1909, Jarle went north to Broderick, Saskatchewan, Canada to get a homestead. His homestead was NW1/4 of 13-31-7 W3 . For a while he worked for a blacksmith in the Outlook district. Later in the summer and harvest he worked for A.N, Finnestad. In the fall of that year Ida and the four oldest children, Alvin, Orville, Joel and Benjamin moved to Canada to join him. Jarle's dream I'm told was to get wealthy in Canada and then go back and buy a Dairy farm in Minnesota. When harvest was done in 1909, it seems they stayed for a short time at Tollef Vallevands. The winter of 1910 was spent doing chores for the Risvold brothers while they took a trip to the States. In the spring of 1911 the family moved to the NE 1/4 of 14-31-7 W3, which Jarle bought from Tollef Vallevand. This quarter was across the road from the homestead. He rented more land in the Glenside district in 1920 where the family moved for 3 years. From the Glenside district the family moved to the Rasmus Finnestad place. Jarle and Ida were Lutheran Brethren and being there was no Lutheran Brethren Church near Broderick they had Sunday School at home. Jarle and Ida lived North of Broderick until they passed away. Jarle passed away from stomach cancer in 1928 at the age of 52. The story told about his funeral is that they wanted to have the funeral at Bethania Lutheran which had been financed by A.N. Finnestad. Bethania was a Lutheran Free Church, a different Synod. A.N. Finnestad stood on the steps and said to the family that there would be no funeral that day unless there was an ordained Lutheran Pastor. The family had arranged for the ordained Lutheran Free pastor from Elbow and Skudesnes to do the funeral and so the funeral went ahead. His wife Ida passed away the following year in 1929. They are both buried in the Bethania Lutheran Cemetery, North of Broderick along with an infant son Philip.
Ida Olene Overland 1881-1929
Ida Olene Overland was born August 21, 1881 in Stearns County, Minnesota to Andreas Petter Overland and Margit Eriksdatter Steinbråten [Stenbraten]. She was baptized September 11,1881 at Big Grove Lutheran Church, near Belgrade, Minnesota. Sometime later the family moved to Battle Lake, Otter Tail County, Minnesota. Her father was a tailor. She was the third of eight children. In the late 1890's she met Jarle Olaus Olson. They were married at 7PM, October 1, 1899 at the Overland home in Battle Lake, Minnesota. They continued to live there until 1909 when they emigrated to Canada. In the spring of 1909 Jarle came North to Saskatchewan to get a homestead. I have a copy of a land title for a piece of property up in the Melfort area dated at Humboldt in 1909. I assume he traded it for the quarter North of Broderick. In the fall of that year Ida and the four oldest children, Alvin, Orville, Joel and Benjamin moved to Canada to join him. When harvest was done in 1909, it seems they stayed for a short time at Tollef Vallevands. The winter of 1910 was spent doing chores for the Risvold brothers while they took a trip to the States. In the spring of 1911 the family moved to the NE 1/4 of 14-31-7 W3, which Jarle bought from Tollef Vallevand. This quarter was across the road from the homestead. He rented more land in the Glenside district in 1920 where the family moved for 3 years. From the Glenside district the family moved to the Rasmus Finnestad place. Jarle and Ida were Lutheran Brethren and being there was no Lutheran Brethren Church near Broderick they had Sunday School at home. Jarle and Ida lived North of Broderick until they passed away. Ida passed away in 1929. They are both buried in the Bethania Lutheran Cemetery, North of Broderick along with an infant son Philip.
Friday, November 16, 2007
My Maternal Grandparents



Josefine Karoline Jacobson 1895 -1994
Josefine was born not far from DeLamere, North Dakota on the Sisseton Indian Reservation in North Dakota on September 23, 1895. The Jacobson family moved from DeLamere to Hamar to Finley and to Kenmare, all in North Dakota before emigrating to Canada in 1912 to take out their homestead at Parkbeg, Saskatchewan. They became a part of the community and lived in Parkbeg and Moose Jaw where the family stayed for most of their lives. In Parkbeg, Josefine Jacobson met Andrew Michael Nilson (Andreas Mikkel Nilsen Vigestøl), a Norwegian emigrant from Bekkjarvik on the island of Selbjørn, just south of Bergen, near the area where the Jacobson and Baardsen families had lived. They were married on November 7, 1917 at the Jacobson farm near Parkbeg, Saskatchewan. They farmed on a homestead north of Parkbeg and began their life together on this farm. Four children were born on this farm: Dorothea Amanda, Melinda Josephine, Norman Melvin, Obert Wilfred,.During the winter of 1922-1923, the family resided on Princess Street just north of Pasqua Hospital in Regina where Andrew attended barber school. After returning to the farm for a couple of years, they sold the homestead and moved to Secretan, Saskatchewan in 1925, where tey established a restaurant and barber shop. They lived in Secretan for three years where the fifth child arrived: Lester Thomas.After the time in Secretan, they purchased the Kelly farm north of Parkbeg and went back to work the land. They lived on the farm and raised their family there adding three more children: Arne John, Florence Nina, Evelyn Viola. In the fall of 1949 Josefine moved to Moose Jaw to establish Florence in teachers college and Evelyn in high school. She returned to the farm in the spring to plant a garden and raise chickens. This pattern continued until 1956 when she moved to Moose Jaw permanently. In 1965 she purchased a house on Clifton Ave and established a boarding house. Josefine enjoyed travelling and visiting her family all over North America. She was always active in the Lutheran Church, first in North Dakota, then at Bethany Lutheran, Parkbeg and at Central Lutheran in Moose Jaw. She passed away Feb 16,1994 in Union Hospital, Moose Jaw and was interred in Rosedale Cemetery beside her husband.
Wednesday, November 14, 2007
My Paternal Grandparents

Joel Lorimer Olson was born in Battle Lake, Minnesota, on September 12, 1906 and passed away on May 12, 1985, in City Hospital at Saskatoon at the age of 78 years and 8 months. He came to Canada with his family in the fall of 1909 and settled North of Broderick. He attended school at Eden Valley and Golden Meadow schools. Joel loved machines and after getting a Grade 7 education he was involved in working on the farm. He loved running the Steam Engine for threshing. When his parents were both sick he was sent to find a hired girl. He went to the Tjøsvold farm at Strongfield and brought Olida home to be the hired girl. In 1926 he was united in marriage to Olida Tjøsvold and to this union were born three sons and one daughter. He farmed for 45 years in the Hawarden area and served on the local school and telephone boards. Joel was a committed Christian and an active member of Skudesnes Lutheran Church where he held various offices on the church council, and taught the adult Bible class for many years. He was a respected lay speaker who often preached at home and in other. congregations.He was also active in the Elbow Bible Camp and served a few years as caretaker.In the early 1970's he retired to Strongfield where he lived until 1981 when he suffered a stroke, and moved to Saskatoon.
Christine Olida Tjøsvold -1905-2003
Christine Olida Tjøsvold was born at her parents home in Roberts County South Dakota on the 17 of November 1905. At the age of eleven she moved with her family to Strongfield Sask.where she continued her education at Wildon school. She attended services and was confirmed at Skudesnes church. At the age of 16 she left school to work with her sister, Mable , living in the "Cookcar"and cooking for harvesters. She gained a wealth of experience in home making from working "out" for various neighbors . One day a very handsome, red haired, blue-eyed man came to her parents door desperate for a girl to help his sick mother . She went, and five months to the day later married Joel Olson. On the death of Joel's parents shortly after their marriage, she became surrogate mother to his four young sisters , ranging in age from 6 to 13. For a time Joel's teenaged brothers made their home with Joel and Lida, too, so the table usually had at least eight to ten people around it. A son and a daughter, David and Ione, were born while Joel's sisters were still very young, so there were six children under the age of fifteen to be clothed, fed and sheltered - all this by a young couple 25 years of age during the great depression. Olida was equal to the task. She was an excellent cook, meticulous seamstress, and avid gardener. She could make delicious meals from very little, made beautiful garments from flour sacks and old clothes,(one morning she made a dress for Esther before school!)-- and her garden was not only super productive but also her refuge when the stress level peaked. She always had some red and pink poppies in the middle of the vegetable garden. In the winter she would spin yarn and provide knitted garments and make quilts. The boys were gone and older girls were out working by the time the second son Oliver,was born . When she was down to her own children and Clara, she took under her wing to nurture and help an orphaned teenaged sister and brother from a neighboring farm. Dorothy"s children still call her grandma. The year that Clara was married, the last of her children, Lorimer, was born. After nineteen years she now had only her own four children at home. The door was always open, and the house was always full, the table always bountiful and there was always space to spread another bedroll on the floor! Lida was always more comfortable with fifteen people around her than one on one!
After they were married they lived on the homestead North of Broderick. Then moved to the Perry place west of Hawarden. Then in the early 40's they bought a farm four miles East of Hawarden. In the early 1970's they fixed up the old Tjøsvold house in Strongfield and retired there. In 1981, Joel had a stroke and they moved to Saskatoon. Joel passed away in 1985. Grandma Olida shortly after his passing moved into the Circle Drive Alliance Church condominiums. In 2000, we celebrated her 95th birthday at Rock of Ages Lutheran Brethren Church. She lived there until she got sick on New Years Day, 2001. After a brief stay she moved to a private care home in Saskatoon operated by an old neighbor from the farm at Hawarden. In March 2002 she moved to a private care home operated in Outlook. In August 2002, Olida had a bad fall at the Care home and ended up in the hospital for a few days. From the hospital she moved into the Outlook and district Pioneer Home where she lived until her passing. After a chest infection Olida passed away at 5:15AM Wednesday July 16,2003.
Friday, October 26, 2007
My Parents

Here is a picture of our family taken in the summer of 1989 at a Joel Olson family reunion at LCBI, Outlook. Back row left to right. Tim Kennedy, Ray Ursin, Everald Olson, Vance Olson, Daryl Olson holding Kenny, Duane Olson, Arlin Olson
Second Row: Marlys Kennedy holding Christie, Holly Olson, Julie Ursin, Holly Olson, Sarah Olson, Sherryl Olson, Ruth Olson
Front Row: Karla Olson, Kirstin Olson, Karen Olson, Everly Olson, Florence Olson holding Timmy Olson, David Olson holding Zachary Ursin, Lois Olson, Chelsea Olson,Krystal Olson, Ben Olson.

Here is a picture of my parents David and Florence Olson along with Arlin and Ruth. This picture was taken at Arlin and Ruth's commissioning service in the 1980's at Skudesnes Lutheran Church.
Wednesday, October 24, 2007
Some Pictures of Siblings Families

My Siblings
Saturday, October 20, 2007
My Immediate Family


Friday, October 19, 2007
An Introduction
